Note: This page is horribly out of
date.
You can find the current pages for the dm-crypt
project (the Linux kernel part) here:
https://gitlab.com/cryptsetup/cryptsetup/wikis/DMCrypt
and the project page for the command line tool
cryptsetup (with Linux Unified Key
Setup - LUKS) here: https://gitlab.com/cryptsetup/cryptsetup.
Old page:
Device-mapper is a new infrastructure in the Linux 2.6 kernel that provides
a generic way to create virtual layers of block devices that can do different
things on top of real block devices like striping, concatenation, mirroring,
snapshotting, etc... The device-mapper is used by the
LVM2 and
EVMS 2.x tools.
dm-crypt is such a device-mapper target that provides transparent encryption of
block devices using the new Linux 2.6 cryptoapi. The user can basically specify
one of the symmetric ciphers, a key (of any allowed size), an iv generation mode
and then the user can create a new block device in /dev. Writes to this device
will be encrypted and reads decrypted. You can mount your filesystem on it as usual.
But without the key you can't access your data.
It does basically the same as cryptoloop only that it's a much cleaner code and
better suits the need of a block device and has a more flexible configuration
interface. The on-disk format is also compatible. In the future you will be able
to specify other iv generation modes for enhanced security (you'll have to
reencrypt your filesystem though).
I've set up a Wiki.
There's a mailing list at .
If you want to subscribe, use the mailman
web interface or its
archive.
Gmane provides a NNTP interface and also a
web archive
for this mailing list.
There is support for dm-crypt in the latest official kernel
2.6.4
which you can find on kernel.org.
Please use the mirrors for downloads.
There is a HIGHMEM cryptoapi bug in kernels before 2.6.4-rc2, please
upgrade if you were using such a kernel.
The latest version of the native userspace setup tool is cryptsetup 0.1.
Clemens Fruhwirth is maintaining an
enhanced
version of cryptsetup with the LUKS extension that allows you to have an
on-disk block of metadata which is superior to the current mechanism and was
my long term plan anyway but I didn't find the time to implement that yet...
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Traditional Hollywood studios continue to anchor the entertainment industry, leveraging massive catalogs and multi-billion-dollar franchises. The Walt Disney Studios
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Universal has mastered the art of the "franchise." With the Fast & Furious saga, Jurassic World , and the world-dominating animation of ( Despicable Me , The Super Mario Bros. Movie ), Universal consistently proves that high-octane action and vibrant family fun are the keys to global appeal. The Disruption of Streaming Productions
Beyond AI, virtual production technologies have experienced a decisive boost, and streaming services are undergoing ambitious technological upgrades, further consolidating their prominence over traditional broadcast. The global movies and entertainment market is expected to surpass $200 billion by 2033, driven by digital consumption, streaming adoption, and technological advancements.
Disney remains an undisputed titan of global entertainment. The studio's unmatched dominance relies on a strategic portfolio of powerhouse brands:
Frequently finances massive projects for legendary directors like Martin Scorsese and Ridley Scott. Independent and Prestige Powerhouses
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The on-disk layouts used by the current 2.6 cryptoloop are supported by dm-crypt.
Cryptoloop also uses cryptoapi so the name of the ciphers are the same. Cryptoloop also
supports ECB and CBC mode. Use <cipher>-ecb and
<cipher>-plain accordingly with dm-crypt. If you didn't
explicitly specify either -ecb or -cbc before you don't need it now, the default plain
IV generation will be used. There will be additional (incompatible, but more secure) possibilites
in the future because the unhashed sector number as IV is too predictible.
You'll need to figure out how your passphrase was turned into a key to use for losetup.
There are several patches floating around doing things differently. But usually cryptsetup
will provide a working solution to recreate the same key from your passphrase.
If you want to migrate from 2.4 cryptoloop please take a look at Clemens Fruhwirth's
Cryptoloop
Migration Guide. He describes the differences between 2.4 and 2.6 cryptoapi (or basically
the bugs in 2.4 cryptoapi...). If you need to cut the key size you can use the -s
option instead of playing with dd.
(BTW: Clemens has a i586 optimized version of the aes and serpent cipher on his page,
about twice as fast as the kernel implementation.)
Why dm-crypt?
Originally it started as a fun project because I wanted to play with the new Linux 2.6 internals.
I got a lot of great help from the device-mapper guys at Sistina (now Redhat). Thank you very
much!
It turned out that this implementation worked great and is very clean compared to the hacked
loop device. The device-mapper core provides much better facilities to stack block devices.
dm-crypt uses mempools to assure we never run into out-of-memory deadlocks when allocating
buffers.
Also the device-mapper configuration interface provides much more flexibility than the losetup
ioctl. And you can create as many devices as you want with any names you want and combine them
with other dm targets. Online device resizing is also possible, e.g. if you use dm-crypt on top
of a logical volume. There might perhaps even be LVM or EVMS support for device encryption
in the future.
: Industry-leading intellectual property (IP) and unparalleled merchandising integration. Universal Pictures
India produces more films than any other country. (Karan Johar) leads the Hindi (Bollywood) romantic epics, while the South Indian (Tollywood) studio Arka Media Works brought us the Baahubali duology and RRR .
Warner Bros. experienced a historic rebound in 2025, collecting $4.4 billion worldwide and capturing a 13% global market share. This marked a 33% jump from 2024, driven by the Gen Z hit A Minecraft Movie ($958.1 million) and the moderately successful relaunch of the DC Universe with Superman ($616.78 million). Looking ahead, the studio is leveraging its immense library of intellectual property, including DC superheroes, Harry Potter, and HBO's prestige content.
The world of popular entertainment studios and productions has never been more dynamic or more global. The “Big Five” Hollywood majors—Disney, Warner Bros., Universal, Sony, and Paramount—continue to generate billions at the box office, but they now share the stage with tech giants like Amazon, Apple, and Netflix, with international powerhouses like Korea’s CJ ENM and France’s Federation Studios, and with nimble independent studios like A24, NEON, and Marginal MediaWorks. Animated productions are thriving, from Disney’s billion-dollar Zootopia 2 to Studio Mir’s critically acclaimed work on Devil May Cry . Branded entertainment is moving from product placement to active production, with companies like Starbucks and Red Bull becoming content creators in their own right. brazzers+com+pornhub+best
But what makes a studio "popular"? Is it the box office gross, the streaming minutes, or the cultural footprint? This article dissects the titans of the industry—from legacy Hollywood lots to agile streaming disruptors and international phenomenon factories—analyzing the productions that have defined a generation.
A subsidiary of Warner Bros. Discovery, this historic studio owns the DC Extended Universe, the Wizarding World of Harry Potter, and the vast library of New Line Cinema.
Traditional Hollywood studios continue to anchor the entertainment industry, leveraging massive catalogs and multi-billion-dollar franchises. The Walt Disney Studios Warner Bros
Paramount leverages a rich history of cinematic classics alongside reliable modern action blockbusters.
Universal has mastered the art of the "franchise." With the Fast & Furious saga, Jurassic World , and the world-dominating animation of ( Despicable Me , The Super Mario Bros. Movie ), Universal consistently proves that high-octane action and vibrant family fun are the keys to global appeal. The Disruption of Streaming Productions
Beyond AI, virtual production technologies have experienced a decisive boost, and streaming services are undergoing ambitious technological upgrades, further consolidating their prominence over traditional broadcast. The global movies and entertainment market is expected to surpass $200 billion by 2033, driven by digital consumption, streaming adoption, and technological advancements. Looking ahead, the studio is leveraging its immense
Disney remains an undisputed titan of global entertainment. The studio's unmatched dominance relies on a strategic portfolio of powerhouse brands:
Frequently finances massive projects for legendary directors like Martin Scorsese and Ridley Scott. Independent and Prestige Powerhouses
Produces ultra-high-budget genre programming like The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power .
Please contact the mailing list: dm-crypt@saout.de. Or in case there is a problem with the mailing list, me: .